Work out what the ground will do before anyone digs into it, and design the mine or tunnel around the answer.
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Pay, the path, pros and cons and the facts on one printable page. Counsellors: send it to a student from your own email in one click.
The median pay is about $106,220 a year. Across everyone in the job it runs from about $67,490 at the lower end to about $169,990 at the upper end. The source is listed under Sources at the end of this page.
4 to 8 years after high school, on the usual route.
$35,000 to $123,000 all in for tuition, fees, exams and kit. Living costs are not counted.
No. There is no license to hold, though many employers still ask for training or a certificate.
Moderate demand nationally, from government outlook data. Demand varies by region, so check your area.
Or read the whole thing here
What you earn and what it costs to get there.
Median for the group
$106,220
Bottom tenth
$67,490
Top tenth
$169,990
The federal wage survey counts this job inside a wider group called Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers. In the 2025 survey the national median for that group is $106,220 a year, the bottom tenth earn $67,490 or less and the top tenth $169,990 or more.
$67,490 to $85,280
The bottom tenth and bottom quarter of mining and geological engineers, 2025
A graduate engineer at a mine, quarry or consulting firm usually starts in this part of the range.
$136,590 or more
What the best paid quarter of mining and geological engineers earned in 2025, mostly licensed engineers
The license is the step that gets you there. You cannot sign and seal a design without the license, and signed drawings are what firms bill for.
Roughly, all in
$35,000 to $123,000
Tuition, fees, exams and kit. Not rent, food or travel
The low end is two years at a community college, then transferring to an in state public university, with a cheap field session and the two engineering exams at the end. The high end is four years paying out of state public rates near $29,000 a year, a $6,000 summer field camp, and both exams with state board fees on top. The exams are the Fundamentals of Engineering test at $225 and the Principles and Practice of Engineering test at about $425. Mining and energy companies fund a lot of scholarships here because the field is small and short of graduates, so ask the department who pays students before you assume the high number.
File the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) each year. Mining companies hand out a lot of scholarships because the field is small and they are short of graduates, so ask your department who funds students.
Camp, travel and remote-site allowances
Mines fly you in, house you and feed you on rotational schedules.
Production bonuses
Operating mines often pay a share of output or safety targets.
Public Service Loan Forgiveness
State geological surveys, the federal land agencies and mine safety regulators all qualify as public service employers.
A pension in government work
Federal and state agencies still offer defined-benefit retirement plans.
The exact path from high school to qualified.
A four-year engineering degree, then two exams and four years of supervised work to get licensed.
High school
Grades 11 and 12
Math through calculus if your school offers it, plus physics and chemistry. Earth science helps but is not required.
Bachelor's degree
4 years
Geological engineering or mining engineering, accredited by ABET (the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology). Most programs include a summer field session.
Fundamentals of Engineering exam
Final year
A six-hour computer-based test, usually taken in your final year. Passing makes you an engineer in training.
Work under a licensed engineer
4 years
Four years of documented experience is the standard requirement in most states.
Principles and Practice of Engineering exam
After 4 years
Sit the Mining and Mineral Processing paper, or a civil paper if your work went that way, then apply to your state board for the license.
Calculus and algebra
Engineering programs assume you can already do both.
Physics
Rock mechanics is applied physics.
Chemistry
Ore processing, acid drainage, blasting agents.
Drafting or computer-aided design
You will draw sections and plans constantly.
There is no single national engineering license in this country. Every state and territory has its own board, and each one issues its own license. The two exams, from NCEES (the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying), are the same everywhere, which makes moving between states a paperwork job rather than a re-test. You do not legally need the license for every mining job, but you do need it to sign designs, run your own consulting work, or advance past a certain point.
Only a handful of schools run this degree, which is part of why graduates get recruited hard.
Colorado School of Mines
In Golden, Colorado. A public university built around applied earth science since 1874.
Montana Technological University
In Butte, Montana, sitting on top of one of the largest old copper mines in the country.
South Dakota Mines
In Rapid City, near the Black Hills.
Missouri University of Science and Technology
In Rolla, Missouri, with its own experimental mine.
University of Arizona
In Tucson, in the middle of American copper country.
Things you don't need, but that help.
Professional engineer license
The big one. Mining and Mineral Processing is the matching exam paper.
Mine safety training
Federal rules require safety training for everyone who works at a mine site, and safety credentials open supervisor roles.
Blasting certification
Issued by individual states. Anyone who designs or fires shots needs it.
Rock mechanics and ground control
Specialist courses in how rock fails, and few people have them.
Mine modeling software
Block modeling, pit optimization and mine planning packages are what employers actually test you on.
A summer at an operating mine
The single strongest thing on a graduate resume in this field.
Driver's license and comfort with a pickup truck
Sites are remote and nobody is driving you there.
GIS (geographic information systems) skills
Mapping and spatial data underpin every site study.
A coding language
Python for handling drill-hole data beats doing it by hand.
Plenty of graduates never work at a mine. The same training in soil, rock and groundwater moves into geotechnical consulting on foundations and slopes, tunneling and underground construction, environmental cleanup of old mine sites, or oil and gas drilling. The work is steadier in those fields, because metal prices swing hard and mining companies hire and lay off with them.
Day to day, pros and cons, where you'd work.
On site: an early safety meeting, then underground or into the pit to look at faces, benches and ground support. Log what you see, check that the last blast broke the way the design said it would, and talk to the crews. Back in the office it is drill-hole data, slope stability calculations, mine plans and cost estimates. In a consulting job the same skills are aimed at slopes, tunnels and foundations, with more report writing and less dust.
The good
The hard parts
Things people don't tell you.
About 6,200 mining and geological engineers worked in the United States in 2025, and the federal projection is roughly 300 openings a year from 2025 to 2035. Compare that with about 380,600 civil engineers. Tiny field, and the schools that teach it can list their graduates by name.
A single smartphone contains copper, aluminum, cobalt, lithium, gold, silver and a handful of rare earth elements. Every one of them came out of the ground somewhere, and someone had to plan how.
NCEES (the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying) runs more than twenty different Principles and Practice exams. One of them is Mining and Mineral Processing, written specifically for this career.
A large open pit is designed to be dug for 20 or 30 years, then closed and rehabilitated for decades after that. The engineer who signs the plan is designing something that will outlast their own career.
Every list is built from the same numbers shown above, so you can see where this career sits next to the others.
Engineers first, then the rest of the field. See every career in engineering.
Last checked October 2026. Pay figures are typical full-time annual amounts in United States dollars, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics wage data and published pay scales. They vary by state, employer and experience. Tuition is for in-state students at public schools unless the card says otherwise. How every figure on this site is sourced and checked.
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