You are the adult who keeps showing up for kids and teens in group homes, after school programs and shelters. Some jobs hire you at 18, others want a degree.
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Pay, the path, pros and cons and the facts on one printable page. Counsellors: send it to a student from your own email in one click.
The median pay is about $59,550 a year. Across everyone in the job it runs from about $42,280 at the lower end to about $95,530 at the upper end. The source is listed under Sources at the end of this page.
Up to 4 years after high school, on the usual route.
$200 to $48,500 all in for tuition, fees, exams and kit. Living costs are not counted.
No. There is no license to hold, though many employers still ask for training or a certificate.
Moderate demand nationally, from government outlook data. Demand varies by region, so check your area.
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What you earn and what it costs to get there.
Median for the group
$59,550
Bottom tenth
$42,280
Top tenth
$95,530
The federal wage survey has no line called Youth Worker. The closest one is Child, Family, and School Social Workers, where the national median is $59,550 a year. The bottom tenth earn $42,280 or less and the top tenth $95,530 or more (2025 federal wage survey). Many youth work jobs, such as group home and after school roles, are not social worker jobs, so treat these figures as a rough guide.
$42,280 to $48,270
What the bottom tenth to bottom quarter of child, family and school social workers earn, 2025
Those are full time, year round figures. A lot of first jobs are not that. Group homes and after school programs often hire hourly, and often as part time relief shifts until someone quits and you get the salaried spot.
$78,970 a year
The median for child, family and school social workers in Connecticut, the highest of any state
Maryland is next at $76,390 and New Jersey at $76,280. The lowest is Arkansas, at $43,330. State medians from the 2025 federal wage survey. School districts and counties pay on published scales.
Roughly, all in
$200 to $48,500
Tuition, fees, exams and kit. Not rent, food or travel
No degree is legally required, and plenty of people start as a program assistant or camp staff and learn on the job. The low end is a background check and a CPR and first aid ticket, which employers often pay for anyway. The high end is a four year bachelor's degree at an in state public university at roughly $12,000 a year plus professional level national certification. Starting at a community college at about $4,150 a year cuts that by about a third. Most employers are nonprofits, schools or counties, so the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program can cancel a remaining federal loan balance. Without a degree you compete for the lowest paid roles, so the cheap door is harder to walk through.
Almost every youth work employer is a nonprofit, a school district or a county, which are exactly the public service employers the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program covers. It can cancel what is left of a federal loan after 120 qualifying monthly payments.
Health insurance and a pension
School district and county jobs include both. Small nonprofits often offer health insurance and a modest retirement match, and not much else.
Shift pay
Residential programs run 24 hours a day. Overnights, weekends and holidays often pay a premium on top of the base rate.
Overtime whenever you want it
This field is short staffed almost everywhere, so extra hours are nearly always available. That is a paycheck and a burnout risk at the same time.
Loan forgiveness
Nonprofit and government employers qualify for the federal public service program, which is how a lot of people in this field clear a degree.
A school year schedule
District jobs follow the school calendar, so summers are either off or paid separately as summer program work.
The exact path from high school to qualified.
There is no single route in. Agencies hire at several levels, so most people work and study at the same time.
High school
Grades 11 and 12
Finish the diploma and turn 18. Volunteer or work at a camp, a tutoring program or a youth sports league. That experience is what gets you the first paid shift.
First paid job
Right away
Residential counselor, after school program staff, shelter overnight staff, camp counselor. A diploma, a clean background check and a driver's license are usually the whole requirement.
A degree while you work
2 to 4 years
An associate degree in human services gets you off the overnight shift. A bachelor's in youth development, human services, social work or psychology is what salaried and school district jobs want.
Internship or field placement
Built into the degree
Degree programs build one in. Rhode Island College, for instance, requires a 180 hour internship before you graduate. This is where most people get hired.
National certification
After a year or two of work
The Child and Youth Care Certification Board runs a credential at entry, associate and professional levels. The professional level needs a portfolio and an exam.
English
You write a log or an incident report after nearly every shift, and other people make decisions off it.
Psychology
Adolescent development is the theory behind the entire job.
Physical education or coaching
Much of youth work is running an activity that holds 15 teenagers for an hour.
Spanish or another second language
It changes which families you can actually help.
Art, music or drama
Programs need someone who can run them, and nobody else on shift volunteers.
No state licenses the title. Anyone an agency hires can call themselves a youth worker, and the real gate is a background check against criminal and child abuse registries, which every state requires. Two nearby jobs are different. Every state licenses social workers, so if your employer calls you a social worker you need that state's license. School districts usually want a master's in social work plus a separate state school social worker credential on top. For youth work itself the main credential is voluntary: the national certification from the Child and Youth Care Certification Board, backed by the National Association for Child and Youth Care Professionals.
Degrees aimed squarely at this work, rather than general psychology.
Rhode Island College
Youth Development bachelor's degree, built from education, social work and nonprofit studies, with a required 180 hour internship.
Ohio State University
Child and Youth Studies, with a year long internship in the final year.
Western Michigan University
Youth and Community Development, with a semester long internship.
University of Texas at Austin
Youth and Community Studies, inside the College of Education.
Your local community college
A two year human services degree is the cheapest start, and the credits usually transfer into an in state bachelor's.
Things you don't need, but that help.
Crisis prevention and de-escalation
Courses such as nonviolent crisis intervention or therapeutic crisis intervention. Most residential employers require one before they let you work a shift alone.
Mental health first aid
A short course written for adults who work with teenagers. Widely recognized and often at no cost through a county.
Trauma informed care
Standard language in this field now. Agencies usually pay for the training and expect you to use it in your notes.
Applied behavior analysis basics
Opens work with autistic young people, which hires constantly.
Professional level certification
The Child and Youth Care Certification Board's top tier needs a portfolio, an exam and $345 the first time. Some employers pay a stipend for holding it.
A driver's license
You will drive young people to school, court, appointments and practice. Plenty of jobs will not hire you without one.
Being 21
Some residential and transport roles set the bar at 21, usually because of the insurance on the van.
Camp or coaching experience
Proof you can hold a room of kids without raising your voice. Hiring managers weigh it heavily.
A clean record
Every job runs a criminal and child abuse registry check. Some convictions are a permanent bar, so find out early rather than after two years of school.
Most people do not stay on overnights forever. The usual moves are a master's in social work, which opens licensed clinical work and school social work, a teaching license, school counseling, probation or juvenile justice, or running a program. All of those build directly on shift experience, and nonprofit and government employers count toward the federal Public Service Loan Forgiveness program while you study. The people who burn out are usually the ones who stayed on the floor for ten years without a plan.
Day to day, pros and cons, where you'd work.
In a group home you come on at 3pm, read the log from the last shift and find out who had a bad day at school. Snack, homework, chores, an argument about the shower schedule. Dinner with six teenagers, then a house activity, then medication, then bedtime, then the paperwork. Somewhere in there a phone call with a caseworker and one young person who will not come out of their room. In an after school program it is a shorter version with more kids and less quiet: pickup, snack, homework help, gym, a project, parents at 6pm.
The good
The hard parts
Things people don't tell you.
About 405,100 people work in the group the federal survey uses for this job, child, family and school social workers (2025). It is projected to grow 3% to 4% to 2035, with about 33,900 openings a year.
youth.gov exists to help people build and run youth programs. It covers a long list of youth topics and has a Map My Community tool that shows which federally funded youth organizations already operate in a given area, which is a decent way to find who is hiring near you.
When O*NET (Occupational Information Network) surveyed child, family and school social workers, 69% said a new hire needs a bachelor's degree and 26% a master's degree. Entry youth work shifts ask for far less.
Every list is built from the same numbers shown above, so you can see where this career sits next to the others.
Mental health first, then the rest of the field. See every career in health.
Last checked October 2026. Pay figures are typical full-time annual amounts in United States dollars, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics wage data and published pay scales. They vary by state, employer and experience. Tuition is for in-state students at public schools unless the card says otherwise. How every figure on this site is sourced and checked.
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