Build the precision tools that stamp, cut and mold every mass-produced part in the country.
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Pay, the path, pros and cons and the facts on one printable page. Counsellors: send it to a student from your own email in one click.
The median pay is about $64,050 a year. Across everyone in the job it runs from about $44,680 at the lower end to about $92,680 at the upper end. The source is listed under Sources at the end of this page.
2 to 5 years after high school, on the usual route.
$900 to $12,000 all in for tuition, fees, exams and kit. Living costs are not counted.
No. There is no license to hold, though many employers still ask for training or a certificate.
Limited demand nationally, from government outlook data. Demand varies by region, so check your area.
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What you earn and what it costs to get there.
Median
$64,050
Bottom tenth
$44,680
Top tenth
$92,680
The national median is $64,050 a year. The bottom tenth earn $44,680 or less and the top tenth $92,680 or more (2025 federal wage survey). That median is $5,300 a year above the $58,750 median for machinists.
A share of the full rate
Rising on a written schedule as you complete hours and classes
A registered apprenticeship pays you to learn and usually covers the classroom part too. You come out with a trade and no school debt.
$109,390 a year
The median in Washington state, the highest of any state
Kansas is a long way behind at $83,890, then Maine at $79,910. The lowest is West Virginia, at $46,190. State medians from the 2025 federal wage survey, before overtime.
Roughly, all in
$900 to $12,000
Tuition, fees, exams and kit. Not rent, food or travel
The low end is a registered apprenticeship: the employer pays you and normally pays the classroom fees, so your spend is your own precision hand tools, micrometers, indicators and gauge blocks, plus one skills test at $50 to $200. The high end is a two year associate degree in machine tool technology at about $4,150 a year, the average at a public two year college, plus a fuller tool kit at up to $3,000 and several skills credentials. A Pell Grant can cover much of a technical college program.
Fill in the Free Application for Federal Student Aid before any college route. A Pell Grant is money you never repay, and it can cover much of a technical college program.
Health insurance and a retirement plan
Standard at almost any manufacturer big enough to run its own tool room.
Employer-paid training
Many shops pay for evening classes and credential tests because skilled toolmakers are hard to find.
Shift premiums
Second and third shift usually add a set amount an hour.
Air conditioning and a roof
Unlike the construction trades, you are indoors all year.
The exact path from high school to qualified.
Two doors: a paid apprenticeship in a shop, or a two year technical college degree and then a shop. Most people end up doing a bit of both.
High school diploma or an equivalency certificate
Grade 12
Take every math and shop class offered. Geometry and trigonometry are used daily, not theoretically.
Get into a shop
Weeks to months
Apply to a registered apprenticeship at a manufacturer, or start as a machine operator and ask to move into the tool room.
Technical college, if you go that route
2 years
A two year associate degree in machine tool or precision machining technology. Programs cover manual milling and turning, measurement, CNC (computer numerical control) machining, CAD (computer aided design) and CAM (computer aided manufacturing) software, mold and die making and EDM (electrical discharge machining).
Paid work plus classroom training
4 to 5 years
A registered apprenticeship in this trade normally runs about four years of paid work plus related classroom instruction.
Journeyman toolmaker
After the hours
You work unsupervised, quote jobs and fix dies that nobody else can. Stack credentials from the National Institute for Metalworking Skills as you go.
Geometry and trigonometry
You compute angles, tapers and hole positions on paper before you cut metal.
Shop, metalwork or manufacturing tech
Time on a lathe in high school puts you ahead of everyone else applying.
Physics
Heat, force and how metal moves when you cut and harden it.
Computer classes
Modern tool rooms run on CAD (computer aided design) and CAM (computer aided manufacturing) software.
No state licenses tool and die makers. What employers read instead is your credential list from the National Institute for Metalworking Skills, which sets the national skill standards for the trade and accredits training programs against them. Colleges such as Dunwoody College of Technology in Minneapolis build their machining degrees to those standards, so the classroom hours line up with what a shop expects you to do on the floor.
Things you don't need, but that help.
Mold making
Injection molds for plastics. Longer builds and tighter tolerances than stamping dies.
EDM (electrical discharge machining)
Cutting shapes into hardened steel with electricity instead of a tool. Wire and sinker machines both need a specialist.
CNC (computer numerical control) programming
Writing the code that drives the machines. The natural next step and a quieter job.
Metrology and quality
Running coordinate measuring machines and owning whether the part is right. Moves you toward engineering pay.
Credentials from the National Institute for Metalworking Skills
Short, cheap, and a shop can see exactly what you can do.
Patience
A die can take weeks. People who need a finished thing every day hate this work.
Good color vision and steady hands
Reading a dial indicator to a ten thousandth of an inch is a real physical skill.
A bridge to engineering
Many toolmakers finish a bachelor's degree in manufacturing or industrial engineering technology part time, paid for by the employer.
Federal projections rate this trade as declining. Automation, cheaper offshore tooling and 3D printing of short-run parts have shrunk the number of tool rooms in the country. The flip side is that the people already doing it are old, and shops constantly say they cannot find replacements. If you get good, you will not have trouble finding work, but you may have to move to where the plants are.
Day to day, pros and cons, where you'd work.
Clock in at 6 or 7am. Read the print or open the model, plan the order of operations, then square up a block of steel on the mill. Most of the morning is setup: clamping, finding the edge, checking you are within a few thousandths. Afternoons are cutting, grinding and fitting parts together by hand until they slide with no play. Somewhere in there a press on the production floor jams and you drop everything to fix a die.
The good
The hard parts
Things people don't tell you.
About 56,700 people work as tool and die makers (2025). The federal projection is a decline to 2035, yet about 4,300 openings a year still come up as toolmakers retire or leave.
When O*NET (Occupational Information Network) surveyed people in this job, 41% said a new hire needs a post-secondary certificate and 40% said a high school diploma.
Every list is built from the same numbers shown above, so you can see where this career sits next to the others.
Metal and machining first, then the rest of the field. See every career in skilled trades.
Last checked October 2026. Pay figures are typical full-time annual amounts in United States dollars, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics wage data and published pay scales. They vary by state, employer and experience. Tuition is for in-state students at public schools unless the card says otherwise. How every figure on this site is sourced and checked.
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