Turn what happened to a patient into codes and clean records. Office work, health pay, and no bedside.
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Pay, the path, pros and cons and the facts on one printable page. Counsellors: send it to a student from your own email in one click.
The median pay is about $51,140 a year. Across everyone in the job it runs from about $37,000 at the lower end to about $81,150 at the upper end. The source is listed under Sources at the end of this page.
1 to 2 years after high school, on the usual route.
$3,400 to $17,000 all in for tuition, fees, exams and kit. Living costs are not counted.
No. There is no license to hold, though many employers still ask for training or a certificate.
Very high demand nationally, from government outlook data. Demand varies by region, so check your area.
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What you earn and what it costs to get there.
Median
$51,140
Bottom tenth
$37,000
Top tenth
$81,150
The national median is $51,140 a year, the bottom tenth earn $37,000 or less and the top tenth $81,150 or more, in the 2025 survey. The government marks this career as a bright outlook, meaning it expects rapid growth and plenty of openings.
$37,000 to $43,490
The bottom tenth and bottom quarter of medical records specialists, 2025
A first records or coding job usually pays in this part of the range, though the survey publishes no separate starting figure.
$43,490 to $64,820
Half of all workers in the 2025 survey earn between these two figures
The senior roles in coding are auditing other people's work, complex surgical cases and compliance, and a lot of that work is done from home.
Roughly, all in
$3,400 to $17,000
Tuition, fees, exams and kit. Not rent, food or travel
The low end is a one year coding certificate at a community college at in-state rates plus a coding certification exam. The high end is a two year accredited associate degree in health information management at roughly $10,000 to $16,000 in total, plus the Registered Health Information Technician exam, which costs $229 for members of the professional association and $299 for everyone else, and needs that degree. A Pell Grant, which does not have to be repaid, often covers most of a community college program, which is why this career rarely leaves anyone with much debt.
File the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) every year. A Pell Grant often covers most of a community college program, which is why this career rarely leaves people with much debt.
Genuine remote work
Coding is one of the few healthcare jobs that is routinely done from home, sometimes from the first year.
Hospital benefits
Health cover, paid leave and retirement savings with an employer match.
Weekday hours
Records departments mostly run business hours, with no nights or holidays.
Employer paid certification upkeep
Most employers cover continuing education and renewal fees for your credential.
The exact path from high school to qualified.
One to two years, then a certification exam. No clinical placement and no patient contact.
High school diploma
Grade 12
Biology and English help most. A diploma or equivalent is the entry requirement.
Accredited program
1 to 2 years
An associate degree in health information management, or a shorter coding certificate. Accreditation decides which exams you can sit.
Learn the code sets properly
Inside the program
Anatomy, disease processes, medical terminology, and then the diagnosis and procedure coding systems themselves.
Certification exam
One sitting
The Registered Health Information Technician exam is 150 questions over three and a half hours at a testing center, with a passing score of 300.
First job
Year 1
Records handling, release of information or apprentice level coding, checked by a senior coder until you are accurate.
Biology
You cannot code a procedure you do not understand anatomically.
English
The job is reading doctors' notes closely and writing precisely.
Computer skills
Everything lives in an electronic health record and a coding tool.
Anything detail heavy
A single wrong character changes what a hospital is paid and what the record says happened.
There is no state license. The gate is certification, and certification runs through accreditation: the Registered Health Information Technician exam requires an associate degree from a program accredited by CAHIIM (the Commission on Accreditation for Health Informatics and Information Management Education), which oversees about 350 programs across 49 states. Coding credentials from AAPC (the American Academy of Professional Coders) are an alternative route that employers also accept. Whatever you hold, you work under HIPAA (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), and mishandling a record is a firing matter and sometimes a legal one.
Community colleges
The main route, with accredited associate degrees and shorter coding certificates side by side.
Online accredited programs
This is one field where fully online study works, because there is no clinical placement to attend.
Technical colleges
Public technical colleges in most states run the same accredited programs.
Employer training
Some hospital systems train records clerks up into coders and pay for the exam.
Things you don't need, but that help.
Inpatient hospital coding
The most complex coding work, and a separate credential.
Specialty coding
Surgery, oncology, cardiology. Deep knowledge of one specialty sets you apart.
Coding auditor
Checking other coders' work and defending it to insurers. A clear step up.
Cancer registry
A specialist certificate for tracking cancer cases, with its own accredited programs.
Health informatics
Moving from records into the systems that hold them, which can lead to management.
Medical terminology before you start
No-cost courses exist, and arriving fluent makes the first semester far easier.
A quiet place to work
Remote coding jobs expect a private, secure home setup because of privacy law.
Patience with rules
Code sets are updated twice a year and you are expected to keep up.
Any hospital job
Registration or ward clerk work gets you inside and teaches you how records actually move.
Day to day, pros and cons, where you'd work.
A queue of charts waiting to be coded. You read what the doctor wrote, work out what was actually diagnosed and done, and pick the codes that say so exactly. When the note does not support the code, you query the doctor and wait. Between charts there are records requests to release, checking each one is authorized, and corrections to log. It is quiet, screen based work, often from home, measured in charts completed and accuracy rate rather than hours sat.
The good
The hard parts
Things people don't tell you.
The Registered Health Information Technician exam has 150 questions, 130 of which are scored, over three and a half hours. In 2025, 74% of 1,630 first-time candidates passed, at a fee of $229 for members.
On October 1, 2015 the whole United States healthcare system moved from the ninth revision of the international disease classification to the tenth. Every provider, insurer and billing company had to change at once.
Every list is built from the same numbers shown above, so you can see where this career sits next to the others.
Diagnostics and lab first, then the rest of the field. See every career in health.
Last checked October 2026. Pay figures are typical full-time annual amounts in United States dollars, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics wage data and published pay scales. They vary by state, employer and experience. Tuition is for in-state students at public schools unless the card says otherwise. How every figure on this site is sourced and checked.
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