Find out what happened, check it, and tell everyone. A shrinking industry that still decides what the country argues about.
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Pay, the path, pros and cons and the facts on one printable page. Counsellors: send it to a student from your own email in one click.
The median pay is about $62,200 a year. Across everyone in the job it runs from about $36,240 at the lower end to about $144,140 at the upper end. The source is listed under Sources at the end of this page.
3 to 4 years after high school, on the usual route.
$1,500 to $63,000 all in for tuition, fees, exams and kit. Living costs are not counted.
No. There is no license to hold, though many employers still ask for training or a certificate.
Limited demand nationally, from government outlook data. Demand varies by region, so check your area.
Or read the whole thing here
What you earn and what it costs to get there.
Median
$62,200
Bottom tenth
$36,240
Top tenth
$144,140
The national median is $62,200 a year, the bottom tenth earn $36,240 or less and the top tenth $144,140 or more, in the 2025 survey. The wage survey counts News Analysts, Reporters and Journalists together, which mixes a local newspaper reporter with a network correspondent. That is why the top tenth earn about four times what the bottom tenth earn.
$36,240 to $45,370
The bottom tenth and bottom quarter of news analysts, reporters and journalists, 2025
A first job as a local reporter at a small paper, station or digital outlet usually pays in this part of the range. First jobs are usually in small markets far from where you grew up, and that is still the normal way in.
$45,370 to $98,450
Half of all workers in the 2025 survey earn between these two figures
Small-market reporters and big-city correspondents sit in the same survey group, so where you work moves you through this range more than your title does.
Roughly, all in
$1,500 to $63,000
Tuition, fees, exams and kit. Not rent, food or travel
There is no license and no exam to be a journalist in the United States, so the low end is a laptop, a recorder and a camera, with the work itself built through freelancing, a community paper or a student newsroom. That route is real but harder to walk through, because most entry jobs come through internships that are easier to land with a degree behind you. The high end is a four year in state public degree plus that equipment. Be careful with debt here: starting salaries are low and the industry is shrinking, so a public degree with a strong student newsroom beats an expensive private one with a famous name.
Be careful with debt here. Starting salaries are low and the industry is shrinking, so an in-state public degree with a student newsroom beats an expensive private one with a famous name.
Staff salary
A newsroom job with benefits. Fewer of these every year, and still the best version of the work.
Freelance per piece
Paid by the article or by the word. Steady only once editors know you.
Contract and part-time
Common at digital outlets, and usually without benefits.
Your own subscriptions
Some reporters now run paid newsletters or video channels covering one beat. Income is unpredictable.
The exact path from high school to qualified.
Nobody checks your degree. They check your clips.
High school
Grades 11 and 12
Write for the school paper or run its site. Cover a real school board meeting. That is a clip, and clips are the currency.
Bachelor's degree
4 years
Journalism, English, political science, economics or a science. Editors like reporters who know a subject as well as how to write.
Student newsroom and internships
During the degree
Work on the campus paper, station or site every semester, and take at least one summer internship at a real outlet.
First job in a small market
1 to 3 years
A local paper, a regional station or a niche trade publication. Long hours, low pay, enormous learning.
Move up or specialize
Ongoing
A bigger market, a beat you own, or investigative and data work. Both routes are built on published stories.
English
Writing quickly and clearly under a deadline is the entire craft.
Government and history
You cannot cover a city council if you do not know what a city council does.
Statistics
Most bad reporting is a number misread. Most great reporting is a number nobody else checked.
Spanish or another language
Widens who will talk to you in much of the country.
There is no license to be a journalist and no board can take the job away from you. What you have instead is rules you choose to follow, like the Code of Ethics published by the SPJ (Society of Professional Journalists), an organization founded in 1909. Legal protection varies by state: most states have shield laws that let reporters protect a confidential source, but the details differ everywhere and there is no single national one.
Accredited journalism programs
The ACEJMC (Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications) accredits journalism schools. Accreditation is a useful sign, not a requirement.
Missouri School of Journalism
Students report for the university's commercial television station, its public radio station and the Columbia Missourian newspaper.
Any degree plus a student newsroom
Plenty of working reporters studied something else and wrote constantly on the side.
Community college, then transfer
Two cheap years first, which matters a lot given what this field pays at the start.
Things you don't need, but that help.
Data journalism
Spreadsheets, databases and basic code. Useful in any newsroom.
Video and audio production
Shooting, editing and producing. Most reporting jobs now expect at least some of it.
A technical beat
Courts, health, finance or energy. Reporters who understand a complicated field are hard to replace.
Public records work
Knowing how to file a freedom of information request and fight a refusal is what separates real investigations from press releases.
A portfolio of published work
Ten real stories beat any grade transcript.
A driver's license
Local reporting means getting to a scene fast.
Thick skin
People lie to you, refuse to talk to you and attack you publicly. Every week.
A second income skill
Copywriting, editing or teaching. Many journalists rely on one, especially early.
A lot of journalism is now done by freelancers paid per piece. The upside is that you choose your stories and can work from anywhere. The downside is that you pay for your own health coverage, chase invoices, and get paid the same for a story that took two days and one that took two months. Most people who freelance well spent years on staff first, which is where they met the editors who now commission them.
Day to day, pros and cons, where you'd work.
Check overnight news and your beat before you are properly awake. Morning meeting to pitch what you are chasing. Then calls, documents and getting people to talk, which is most of the job and the part nobody teaches well. File by late afternoon, argue with an editor about what you can actually prove, then rewrite. Somewhere in there, something breaks and the whole plan is replaced.
The good
The hard parts
Things people don't tell you.
O*NET OnLine (the Department of Labor's occupation database) counts 47,100 news analysts, reporters and journalists in 2025 and projects employment to decline between 2025 and 2035, with about 3,400 job openings a year. People still do it, but go in knowing the industry is getting smaller.
Unlike doctors, lawyers or electricians, journalists in the United States cannot be licensed by the government. The First Amendment forbids it, which means the only thing standing between the public and a bad reporter is the reporter's own standards.
Every list is built from the same numbers shown above, so you can see where this career sits next to the others.
Writing and media first, then the rest of the field. See every career in creative.
Last checked October 2026. Pay figures are typical full-time annual amounts in United States dollars, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics wage data and published pay scales. They vary by state, employer and experience. Tuition is for in-state students at public schools unless the card says otherwise. How every figure on this site is sourced and checked.
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