Education · 1 of 4

The path

The longest training on this site. Count on 15 years or more after high school.

  1. 1

    High school

    Grades 11 and 12

    Top marks in biology, chemistry, math and English. A very high average is the entry ticket.

  2. 2

    Bachelor's degree

    3 to 4 years

    Any major, usually life sciences or neuroscience. High GPA, research, volunteering. Write the MCAT (medical school admission test).

  3. 3

    Medical school, the MD (doctor of medicine)

    3 to 4 years

    Acceptance rates are 5 to 15%. Neurosurgery electives and published research in your final year are close to mandatory for the match.

  4. 4

    Neurosurgery residency

    6 years

    Matched through CaRMS (the residency matching service). Paid, supervised. Many programs add 1 to 2 research years, and some residents finish a PhD (research doctorate) along the way.

  5. 5

    Royal College exam, licence, fellowship

    1 to 2 years

    Pass the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada exam, register with your provincial College of Physicians and Surgeons. Almost everyone does a 1 to 2 year fellowship, often in the US.