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What endocrinologists actually treat

• Diabetes

  Both types, plus insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors. This fills most clinics.

• Thyroid disease

  Overactive, underactive, nodules and thyroid cancer follow-up. The second biggest slice.

• Bone and calcium

  Osteoporosis, parathyroid disease and fracture prevention.

• Pituitary and adrenal disorders

  Rare, complicated, and the cases other doctors cannot work out.

• Reproductive and growth hormones

  Puberty, fertility and hormone therapy, often shared with other specialties.