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Skills that raise your pay

• Coding and data analysis

  Python and R are now basic tools. Biologists who can handle large data sets are in short supply.

• Mass spectrometry

  The main way proteins and small molecules get identified. Specialists are rare and well paid.

• Cryogenic electron microscopy

  Imaging proteins at near atomic detail. A hot and growing specialty.

• Regulatory knowledge

  Understanding how the Food and Drug Administration reviews a new drug moves you toward better paid company roles.