Education · 1 of 4

The path

Every doctor's road, a full surgical residency, then a second match into one of the smallest programs in Canada.

  1. 1

    High school

    Grades 11 and 12

    Top marks in biology, chemistry, math and English. You need a very high average for a science undergrad.

  2. 2

    Bachelor's degree

    3 to 4 years

    Any major works. Keep a GPA (grade point average) above 3.8, volunteer, do research. Write the MCAT (medical school admission test).

  3. 3

    Medical school, the MD (doctor of medicine)

    3 to 4 years

    Acceptance rates are 5% to 15%. Classes, then clinical rotations. Surgery and pediatrics electives earn the reference letters that decide the match.

  4. 4

    General surgery residency

    5 years

    Matched through CaRMS (the residency matching service). Adult surgery: abdomen, breast, trauma, with in-hospital call from year one. Pediatric surgery rotations happen along the way.

  5. 5

    Pediatric surgery subspecialty

    2 years

    A second match near the end of general surgery. Newborn surgery for birth defects, childhood cancer surgery, trauma, and the everyday: appendix, hernias, swallowed objects. Pass the Royal College exam to become FRCSC (Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada), then register with your provincial College of Physicians and Surgeons.