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Fellowships that shape the job

Nearly every new orthopedic surgeon does 1 to 2 years of fellowship.

• Joint replacement (arthroplasty)

  Hips and knees. Huge demand from an aging population.

• Sports surgery

  Torn ligaments, shoulders, keyhole knee surgery.

• Spine

  Shared territory with neurosurgeons. Long, high-stakes cases.

• Trauma

  Broken bones at big-city trauma centres. Lots of night work.

• Hand, foot and ankle, pediatric

  Smaller subspecialties with steady demand.