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Ways to specialize further

• Head and neck cancer

  A fellowship in removing oral and facial tumors and rebuilding with bone and tissue from elsewhere in the body.

• Craniofacial and cleft surgery

  Working with children born with cleft lip and palate or skull deformities, usually in a hospital team.

• Cosmetic facial surgery

  Some oral surgeons add facial cosmetic work. Elective, cash-pay and competitive with plastic surgery.

• Dental implant reconstruction

  Complex cases where the jaw bone has to be rebuilt before implants can go in.

• Academic surgery

  Teaching residents and running a program at a dental school, at a much lower salary.