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Where the work actually is

• Cryptography

  Making and breaking codes. One of the job titles the federal occupation database lists for this career.

• Operations research

  Scheduling, routing and supply chains. Airlines and shipping companies pay well for it.

• Computational mathematics

  Simulating physical systems. Heavy on code and on very large computers.

• Quantitative finance

  Pricing and risk at trading firms and banks. The highest paid exit from a math doctorate.

• Biostatistics and modeling

  Drug trials, epidemics, genetics. Growing faster than the pure research side.