Optional · 1 of 3

Fellowships after residency

One or two more years that narrow what you operate on and usually raise what you are paid.

• Trauma and surgical critical care

  Emergency operating plus intensive care unit work. One to two years.

• Vascular surgery

  Arteries and veins. Two years, and among the better paid.

• Surgical oncology

  Cancer operations. Two years.

• Minimally invasive and bariatric surgery

  Keyhole and weight loss procedures. One year.

• Pediatric surgery

  Two years and one of the hardest fellowships to win.