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Specialties that change your pay

• Quantitative finance

  Pricing and risk models at banks and trading firms. The highest paid branch.

• Cryptography and security

  The Communications Security Establishment, Canada's federal signals agency, hires mathematicians directly to work on codes.

• Operations research

  Scheduling airlines, routing trucks, planning hospital capacity.

• Machine learning

  Optimisation and linear algebra are the core of it. The mathematics side of the field hires well.