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Things that raise your pay

• Welding engineering

  Canada needs people who can qualify welding procedures for pipelines, pressure vessels and shipyards.

• Corrosion specialist certification

  Offered by industry associations. Oil, gas and water utilities pay well for it.

• Non-destructive testing knowledge

  Ultrasound, X-ray and dye tests that find cracks without cutting a part open.

• A master's or doctorate

  The usual entry to research labs, battery companies and university work.