Education · 1 of 5

The path

A degree, then a choice: licence or not.

  1. 1

    High school

    Grades 11 and 12

    Advanced Functions, Calculus, Physics and Chemistry are required. Marks in the low 90s at Waterloo and Toronto, high 80s elsewhere.

  2. 2

    Accredited computer engineering degree

    4 to 5 years with co-op

    A four-year Bachelor of Engineering or Applied Science at a school accredited by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board. Circuits, digital logic, operating systems and a lot of programming.

  3. 3

    Co-op and internships

    During school

    Employers care more about what you have built and where you interned than your marks. Waterloo runs six work terms.

  4. 4

    First job

    Final year

    Most grads take a hardware, firmware or software job and never register with a regulator.

  5. 5

    P.Eng (professional engineer) licence, optional

    4 years, if you choose to

    About 4 years as an EIT (engineer-in-training) plus an ethics exam. Worth it if you design safety-critical hardware for medical, power or avionics, or want to use the title engineer.