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Fellowships that shape the job

With so few jobs, most new grads add 1 to 2 fellowship years to stand out.

• Heart transplant and mechanical support

  Transplants and implanted heart pumps at a few centres.

• Aortic surgery

  Repairing the biggest artery in the body, often through a catheter.

• Minimally invasive valve surgery

  Replacing valves through small incisions or a catheter, the fastest growing area.

• Congenital (children's) heart surgery

  A tiny group of surgeons at children's hospitals.